How Did Hatshepsut Die What Caused Her Death

Hatshepsut, also known as Maatkare, was an 18th Dynasty pharaoh of Ancient Egypt. She ruled longer than any other woman we know of who was an indigenous Egyptian. She officially ruled as co-ruler with her stepson,  Thutmose  III, but had taken on powers as a pharaoh herself for between 7 and 21 years. She was one of a very few women to rule as pharaoh. Hatshepsut died at about age 50, according to a stela at Armant. That date has been resolved to January 16, 1458 BCE by some. No contemporary source, including that stela, mentions how she died. Her mummy was not in her prepared tomb, and many of the signs of her existence had been erased or written over, so the cause of death was a matter of speculation. Speculation Without a Mummy In the late nineteenth and through the twentieth century, scholars speculated on the cause of her death. She died shortly after  Thutmose III returned from a military campaign as head of the armies.  Because apparently her mummy had been lost or destroyed, and Thutmose III had apparently tried to erase her reign, counting his reign from his fathers death and erasing signs of her rule, some speculated that her stepson Thutmose III might have had her killed. Looking for the Mummy of Hatshepsut Hatshepsut had been preparing one tomb for herself as Great Royal Wife of  Thutmose II. After she declared herself the ruler, she began a new, more appropriate tomb for one who had ruled as pharaoh. She began to upgrade the tomb of her father Thutmose I, adding a new chamber. Either Thutmose III or his son, Amenhotep II, then moved Thutmose I to a different tomb, and it was suggested that Hatshepsuts mummy was placed in the tomb of her nurse instead. Howard Carter discovered two female mummies in the tomb of Hatshepsuts wetnurse, and one of those was the body identified in 2007 as the mummy of Hatshepsut by Zahi Hawass. (Zahi Hawass is an Egyptologist and former Minister of State for Antiquities Affairs in Egypt who was controversial for both self-promotion and tight control when he was in charge of archaeological sites. He was a strong advocate for the return of Egyptian antiquities to Egypt from museums of the world.) Mummy Identified as Hatshepsut: The Evidence for Cause of Death Assuming that identification is correct, we know more about likely causes of her death. The mummy shows signs of arthritis, many dental cavities and root inflammation and pockets, diabetes, and metastasized bone cancer (the original site cannot be identified; it may have been in soft tissue like the lungs or breast). She was also obese. Some other signs show the likelihood of skin disease. Those examining the mummy concluded that it is most likely that the metastasized cancer killed her. Another theory derives from the dental root inflammation and pockets. In this theory, extraction of a tooth resulted in an abscess which, in her weakened condition from cancer, was what actually killed her. Did skin cream kill Hatshepsut? In 2011, researchers in Germany identified a carcinogenic substance in a vial that is identified with Hatshepsut, leading to speculation that she may have used a lotion or salve for cosmetic reasons or to treat a skin condition, and this led to cancer. Not all accept the flask as actually connected with Hatshepsut or even contemporary to her lifetime. Unnatural Causes There was no evidence found from the mummy of unnatural causes of death, though academics had long assumed her death might have been hastened by enemies, perhaps even her stepson. But more recent scholarship does not accept that her stepson and heir was in conflict with Hatshepsut. Sources Zahi Hawass. The Search for Hatshepsut and the Discovery of Her Mummy. June 2007.Zahi Hawass. Quest for the Mummy of Hatshepsut. June 2006.John Ray. Hatshepsut: the Female Pharaoh.  History Today.  Volume 44 number 5, May 1994.Gay Robins.  Women in Ancient Egypt.  1993.Catharine H. Roehrig, editor.  Hatshepsut: From Queen to Pharaoh. 2005. Article contributors include Ann Macy Roth, James P. Allen, Peter F. Dorman, Cathleen A. Keller, Catharine H. Roehrig, Dieter Arnold, Dorothea Arnold.Secrets of Egypts Lost Queen. First aired: 7/15/07. Discovery Channel. Brando Quilico, executive producer.Joyce Tyldesley.  Hatchepsut the Female Pharaoh.  1996.

The Conflict Between Greeks And The Persians - 1662 Words

Herodotus’s The Histories uses the culture of different peoples as a category of historical explanation in order to explain the entire story behind the conflict between the Greeks and the Persians, though his conception and account of culture has been a topic of debate for many decades. Herodotus’ method when exploring the culture of other peoples is to compare them to the known culture, his own culture, of Greece. Through the comparison of ‘the other’ to Greece, Herodotus not only explains the culture and traditions of other countries or people, but he also affirms Greek identity by constantly comparing or relating to Greek customs in order to show the likeness or stark differences of cultures. Many scholars have, however, criticized Herodotus for doing this; naming him an ethnocentric for introducing all other peoples and cultures as inferior to his own. This essay will seek to expose whether Herodotus is an ethnocentric or a cultural relativist by explor ing the ways in which Herodotus refers to ‘the other’ and the customs and culture of these people. Through the exploration of the Egyptians and the Scythians in Herodotus’s The Histories, this essay will determine that Herodotus’s conception of culture develops from a cultural relativist perspective rather than an ethnocentric point of view, where he uses his own well-known culture as a basis for explaining other cultures and customs, while respecting their difference as being of equal value in their own land, as GreekShow MoreRelatedThe Persian Wars Were Significant For World History1441 Words   |  6 Pagesstruggle for power. For instance, two great ancient civilizations, Greece and Persia, fought in a series of conflicts known as the Greco-Persian Wars. 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Greece has a very lively history, along with being one of the more notable countries in Europe. Many people do not know about the intense gruesome history that follows the Greeks. Greece is a relatively small country in Europe

Short Story Buck Up! Essay Example For Students

Short Story Buck Up! Essay â€Å"Jordan, what are you saying? Why are you saying that you are quitting your job? † My mom was in the kitchen cooking up some of my favorite food, but I was not in the mood at all. I kept telling my mom that I have my reasons for what I am doing. I went to my room so frustrated. My mom would not let it go because she came in there all screaming demanding answers from me. All I could do was look at her thinking that this is my life, it is my decision. In my mind I was thinking why this woman on my case about this. To tune my mother out I turned the TV on, but that ended in complete failure. Right when I turned it on, she turned it straight off. My mom stood in front of me and said in a calm voice,† Jordan, tell me what happen today. † Thinking I was like it is none of your business but I folded. If I did not tell her I knew she would not leave it alone so I told her. The day at work started out pretty good just like any other day. Everyone said hey to me like they usually do and service was slow as ever. Deep down I knew that everyone was ready to go home because business is slow and that makes the labor go up. Well my manager puts me on the front counter to take orders. I am like â€Å"Yes Lord. † I was thrilled because I am not working in the kitchen smelling like burgers. I was ready to go home and labor was going up. I was thinking that it was matter of time and I will be out of here. As luck would have it, a big rush of people came pouring in and that is when everything went from easy day to crazy busy day. That’s when my day went from alright to horrible. I was taking this lady’s order and she was making this order so complicated. I was doing the best I can to get her order right. While I was taking another customer’s order the same woman comes to me in the middle of the person who was trying to finish their order. She asked so rudely where is my food. I am standing thinking really woman you are so damn rude. The woman gets an even more of an attitude with me and said â€Å"Why don’t you get back there and make my food because you are not doing anything. † I am like you don’t see me taking these people orders. I told her that was not my job. When I said that the situation escalated and the woman starts yelling making a even bigger scene. I was hoping that this would not get even worse. That’s when the woman’s food came but, as luck would have it, it was not her order. She had got even angrier at me because one it was not her order and the other was that I did not go make her food. She kept on insulting me and I was not going to stand for that. I snapped and said, â€Å"I do not care that this is not your order. I tried to be nice to you and be patient but you pushed it too far. This may be Burger King, but you lady will not have it your way. † When I said that, she could not say anything. She was standing there in shocked and all she could do was leave. Once she left my manager called me to the office. My manager said,† Jordan, you cannot talk to the customer like that despite what she says or does. You have to keep your head on your shoulders. † All I could say was yes ma’am to her. My manager saw that I was so irritated and ready to go so she sent me home. I was so frustrated about that whole event. My day started out so great but that woman quickly turned it into one of the worst days at Burger King. Driving home all I could do was think about how can she interrupt me and tell me go make her food. What was most on my mind was to quit that job all together. .ue5893b114e1de7c2f071ec2318699fc2 , .ue5893b114e1de7c2f071ec2318699fc2 .postImageUrl , .ue5893b114e1de7c2f071ec2318699fc2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue5893b114e1de7c2f071ec2318699fc2 , .ue5893b114e1de7c2f071ec2318699fc2:hover , .ue5893b114e1de7c2f071ec2318699fc2:visited , .ue5893b114e1de7c2f071ec2318699fc2:active { border:0!important; } .ue5893b114e1de7c2f071ec2318699fc2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue5893b114e1de7c2f071ec2318699fc2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue5893b114e1de7c2f071ec2318699fc2:active , .ue5893b114e1de7c2f071ec2318699fc2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue5893b114e1de7c2f071ec2318699fc2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue5893b114e1de7c2f071ec2318699fc2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue5893b114e1de7c2f071ec2318699fc2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue5893b114e1de7c2f071ec2318699fc2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue5893b114e1de7c2f071ec2318699fc2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue5893b114e1de7c2f071ec2318699fc2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue5893b114e1de7c2f071ec2318699fc2 .ue5893b114e1de7c2f071ec2318699fc2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue5893b114e1de7c2f071ec2318699fc2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Becoming Hitler EssayMom, coming home I was thinking was how was I going to explain to you that I was going quit the job. What made it even harder was that you was cooking my favorite food. The smell from the food would usually have me smiling and ready to eat but not this night. When I told you that I was going to I saw that you were so disappointed in me. † My mom said,† You are right Jordan. I am disappointed in you. You let that woman get to you when you shouldn’t have. Another thing, you cannot quit at something just because of a person or if something was hard. † When she said that I started remembering about a time similar to what she said. I was eight years old and my mom was taking me, my sister, and few others to Six Flags. As most eight year olds and younger kids, I was so excited because I have been begging my mom to take me and few others to Six Flags. Excitement was building up inside me like a volcano ready to erupt. The trip was long and boring, and I had fell asleep dreaming about Six Flags. My sister woke me up from my dream and told me to look. When I opened my and looked my dream had become a reality. Upon entering the gates I was looking around at the rides, the food, and the people. I was smelling the food and it smelled so delicious but the air was filled with disgusting smells also. I was not even worried about the smells because I was mostly trying to figure out what I should ride. I was so overwhelmed I didn’t know what to do. We were riding everything we could but again was not trying the food even though some smelled very good. The moment of truth was upon me and I was ready. I was now tall enough to ride one of the superhero rides. The first one I wanted to ride was the Batman roller coaster. I was so excited to ride the Batman. I was put in the middle of the coaster getting all strapped and ready to go while my sister was behind doing the same. The coaster started up and we were having a blast. As we were coming to the last loop, the coaster stopped in the middle of the loop. Being eight years old, I did not know what was going on. I thought it was part of the ride, but after being up there for more than twenty minutes I started to freak out. When we were up there even longer I started to cry. We were stuck up there for two hours. After the mechanics got the ride moving again I was still crying and very scared. I was ready to get off the ride get to my mom. Once I got down I ran to my mom and told her what happen. I just could not stop crying and all I could say was that I did not want to ride anything. My mom and sister were trying to calm me down and make me stop but it wasn’t working. Out of nowhere a stranger came up and was talking to my mom and sister. I was still crying but wondering who was. He looked at me and then back at my mom. The man kneeled down to me and I was still crying my eyes out. † Hey, stop with crying. Your mom was telling me that you don’t want to ride anything anymore. Now you shouldn’t give up just because of a little bump in the road. The road isn’t easy and you cannot just say I quit just because it didn’t go the way you wanted it go. Now promise me that you will not give up at anything until you cannot go anymore and that you will stop being a crybaby and man up. † I didn’t know who this man was, but all I could do was say yes sir to him. When he was leaving I noticed that he had a tattoo on his arm. We was leaving the amusement park, and when we got to the car I ask my mom who was that man. She told me he was a marine. Now I know the reason for why I am who I am. .u216e2102b6ab8e48f36361ec63d24ce8 , .u216e2102b6ab8e48f36361ec63d24ce8 .postImageUrl , .u216e2102b6ab8e48f36361ec63d24ce8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u216e2102b6ab8e48f36361ec63d24ce8 , .u216e2102b6ab8e48f36361ec63d24ce8:hover , .u216e2102b6ab8e48f36361ec63d24ce8:visited , .u216e2102b6ab8e48f36361ec63d24ce8:active { border:0!important; } .u216e2102b6ab8e48f36361ec63d24ce8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u216e2102b6ab8e48f36361ec63d24ce8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u216e2102b6ab8e48f36361ec63d24ce8:active , .u216e2102b6ab8e48f36361ec63d24ce8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u216e2102b6ab8e48f36361ec63d24ce8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u216e2102b6ab8e48f36361ec63d24ce8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u216e2102b6ab8e48f36361ec63d24ce8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u216e2102b6ab8e48f36361ec63d24ce8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u216e2102b6ab8e48f36361ec63d24ce8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u216e2102b6ab8e48f36361ec63d24ce8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u216e2102b6ab8e48f36361ec63d24ce8 .u216e2102b6ab8e48f36361ec63d24ce8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u216e2102b6ab8e48f36361ec63d24ce8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Deadly Social Cloud (satire) EssayI thought to myself, while my mom was still lecturing me on why I shouldn’t quit my job, I cannot quit my job just because of a rude woman. The odds are is that I will not see that woman ever again. I stopped my mom in the middle of her lecture and told her that I was not going to quit my job anymore. She asked me why that is now. I told her that was because of someone from a long time ago. She was so relieved that I was going to stick through this job. I said, â€Å"Now let’s go eat some dinner while it is still hot and ready. † In the back of my head I wish I could thank that marine.